Umklamo oluhlaza okukhulunywe ngenhla uhloswe ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "3R" umgomo ubuye ikakhulukazi ezingeni lobuchwepheshe.Ukuze sixazulule ngokuhlelekile izinkinga zemvelo abantu ababhekana nazo, kufanele futhi sifunde ngomqondo obanzi nohlelekile, kwase kuba khona umqondo wokuklama okusimeme.Umklamo osimeme wakhiwa phezu kwesisekelo sentuthuko esimeme.Umqondo wentuthuko esimeme wahlongozwa okokuqala yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (UCN) ngo-1980.
Ikomidi lokugcina, elakhiwe izikhulu nososayensi abavela emazweni amaningi, lenze ucwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu (1983-1987) mayelana nezindaba zentuthuko yomhlaba kanye nezemvelo, Ngo-1987, lashicilela isimemezelo sokuqala samazwe ngamazwe esaziwa ngokuthi intuthuko eqhubekayo yesintu - Our Common Ikusasa.Lo mbiko uchaze intuthuko esimeme ngokuthi "intuthuko ehlangabezana nezidingo zabantu bamanje ngaphandle kokulimaza izidingo zezizukulwane ezizayo".Umbiko wocwaningo ucubungule lezi zindaba ezimbili ezisondelene kakhulu zemvelo nentuthuko sezizonke.Ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme komphakathi wesintu kungasekelwe kuphela emandleni okusekela okusimeme nokuzinzile kwendawo yemvelo kanye nemithombo yemvelo, futhi izinkinga zemvelo zingaxazululwa kuphela ngenqubo yentuthuko esimeme.Ngakho-ke, kuphela ngokuphatha kahle ubudlelwano phakathi kwezithakazelo ezisheshayo kanye nezithakazelo zesikhathi eside, izithakazelo zendawo kanye nezithakazelo jikelele, kanye nokuphatha ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthuthukiswa komnotho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ingaba le nkinga enkulu ehilela umnotho wezwe kanye nezimpilo zabantu kanye nesikhathi eside. ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kungaxazululwa ngendlela egculisayo.
Umehluko phakathi "kwentuthuko" kanye "nokukhula" ukuthi "ukukhula" kubhekisela ekwandiseni izinga lemisebenzi yomphakathi, kuyilapho "intuthuko" ibhekisela ekuxhumaneni nokusebenzelana kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi wonke, kanye nokwenza ngcono. umthamo womsebenzi owumphumela.Ihluke "ekukhuleni", amandla ayisisekelo ashukumisayo entuthuko ilele "ekuphishekeleni njalo izinga eliphakeme lokuzwana", futhi ingqikithi yentuthuko ingaqondwa "njengezinga eliphakeme lokuvumelana", kuyilapho ingqikithi yokuvela kwemvelo. impucuko yabantu iwukuthi abantu bahlale befuna ukulingana phakathi "kwezidingo zomuntu" kanye "nokwaneliseka kwezidingo".
Ngakho-ke, "ukuvumelana" kokuthuthukisa "intuthuko" ukuvumelana phakathi "kwezidingo zomuntu" kanye "nokwaneliseka kwezidingo", futhi kuyisisekelo sokuthuthuka komphakathi.
Intuthuko eqhubekayo iye yaqashelwa kabanzi, okwenza abaklami bafune ngenkuthalo imiqondo emisha yokuklama namamodeli ukuze bazivumelanise nentuthuko esimeme.Umqondo wokuklama ohambisana nentuthuko esimeme uwukuklama imikhiqizo, izinsizakalo noma amasistimu ahlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje kanye nokuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme yezizukulwane ezizayo ngesisekelo sokuhlalisana ngokuzwana phakathi kwabantu nendawo yemvelo.Ocwaningweni olukhona, umklamo uhilela ikakhulukazi ukusungulwa kwendlela yokuphila ehlala njalo, ukusungulwa kwemiphakathi esimeme, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla esimeme kanye nobuchwepheshe bonjiniyela.
USolwazi Ezio manzini we-Institute of Design yaseMilan University of Technology uchaza umklamo osimeme ngokuthi "umklamo osimeme uwumsebenzi wokuklama wamasu ukuze ubhale futhi uthuthukise izixazululo ezisimeme... Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, umkhiqizo ohlelekile kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesevisi kanye nokuhlela kukhona esetshenziswa esikhundleni semikhiqizo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinkonzo."Incazelo kaSolwazi Manzini yokuklama okusimeme iwumbono ophusile, ngokuchema ekwakhiweni okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo.Idizayini engezona izinto ezibonakalayo isekelwe esisekelweni sokuthi umphakathi wolwazi ungumphakathi ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kanye nemikhiqizo okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo.Isebenzisa umqondo wokuthi "okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo" ukuchaza inkambiso evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwedizayini yesikhathi esizayo, okungukuthi, ukusuka ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuya ekwakhiweni okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo, kusukela ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo kuya ekwakhiweni kwesevisi, kusukela ekubeni nomkhiqizo kuya kumasevisi okwabelwana ngawo.Ukungathandi izinto ezibonakalayo akunamatheli kubuchwepheshe obuthile nezinto zokwakha, kodwa uhlela kabusha impilo yomuntu namaphethini okusetshenziswa, uqonda imikhiqizo namasevisi ezingeni eliphezulu, unqamula indima yomklamo wendabuko, ucwaninga ubudlelwano phakathi "nabantu nokungezona izinto", futhi uyalwela. ukuqinisekisa izinga lempilo kanye nokuzuza intuthuko esimeme ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezinsiza kanye nokuphuma kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Yiqiniso, umphakathi wesintu ngisho nendawo ezungezile yakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo.Imisebenzi yokuphila komuntu, ukusinda nokuthuthuka akukwazi ukwehlukaniswa nengqikithi yezinto ezibonakalayo.Umthwali wentuthuko esimeme futhi uyinto ebonakalayo, futhi ukwakheka okusimeme akunakuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele nengqikithi yayo ebonakalayo.
Kafushane, ukuklama okusimeme kuwumsebenzi wokuklama wamasu ukuze kubhalwe futhi kuthuthukiswe izixazululo ezisimeme.Kudingeka ukucatshangelwa okunokulinganisela kwezindaba zezomnotho, ezemvelo, zokuziphatha nezenhlalo, imihlahlandlela futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi ngokuklama kabusha, futhi igcina ukwaneliseka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo.Umqondo wokusimama awubandakanyi nje kuphela ukusimama kwemvelo nezinsiza, kodwa nokusimama komphakathi namasiko.
Ngemuva kokuklama okusimeme, umqondo womklamo wekhabhoni ephansi usuvele.Okubizwa ngokuthi i-low carbon design ihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yomuntu nokunciphisa imiphumela ebhubhisayo yomphumela we-greenhouse.Idizayini yekhabhoni ephansi ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: enye iwukuhlela kabusha indlela yokuphila yabantu, ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni ngokuklama kabusha imodi yokuziphatha yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokunciphisa izinga lokuphila;okunye ukuzuza ukuncishiswa kokungcola ngokusebenzisa ukonga amandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukungcola noma ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla emisha neminye.Kungabikezelwa ukuthi idizayini enekhabhoni ephansi izoba itimu eyinhloko yomklamo wezimboni wesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-29-2023